Research Hypnosis/Child Birth
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In our Byfleet, Kew, Guildford and Harley Street practices Hypnosis and hypnotherapy are used very successfully to aid a comfortable birth with wonderful results.
Hypnoanalysis and hypnoherapy can also be used with those wishing to get pregnant where there are no medical reasons why one can't get pregnant but it just doesnt happen, therefore theremay be built up emotional or psychological reason why one just can't get pregnant. Hypnoanalysis aims to get to the root of the cause of the problem to release the emotions that may be creating the problem.
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Hypnosis for Childbirth: A retrospective survey of birth outcome using prenatal self-hypnosis, Retrospective Survey 2001
Shawn Gallagher, B.A., R.M., C.Ht
Objective: To assess the effects of prenatal hypnotherapy classes on the length of labour, use of pain medication, intervention rates, maternal pain perception and maternal satisfaction.
Design: Retrospective survey completed by the mother to be and her partner.
Subjects: Self-referred clients, nulliparous (first baby) and low risk.
Setting: Toronto, Canada
Intervention: Three sessions of 2.5 to 3 hours in length in a group setting in mid-pregnancy, plus one session of 2.5 hours in length in late pregnancy. The sessions were provided by a Certified Hypnotherapist. The woman’s partner was trained to provide additional hypnosis support during the birth as needed (the hypnotherapist did not attend the births).
Outcome Measures: Anesthetic and analgesic requirements, duration of the early, active and second stages, planned place of birth and actual place of birth, interventions required, pain scale of 0-10 as reported by the mother post-delivery, breastfeeding rates and reported maternal satisfaction.
Results:
Participants: 45 nulliparous women
Control group: none
Planned home birth: 16
Actual home birth: 15 A
Primary care midwife: 29
Primary care physician:16
Averages of:
Length of early labour: 10.7 hours (range: 45 min to 3 days)
Length of active labour: 4.5 hours (range: 54 min to 14 hours)
Length of pushing: 1.2 hours (range: 15 min to 4.5 hrs)
Newborn weight: 7.68 lbs (range: 5 lbs 6 oz to 10 lbs)
Maternal pain perception: “6” on a self-scoring scale of 0-10
Pain medication rate:
Epidural x 8 (18%) B
Nitrous oxide x 1 (3%)
Narcotics x 2 (4.4%)
Interventions:
• Caesarian x 3 (6.5%) C
• Forceps x 3 (9.7%) D
• Vacuum x 1 (3%)
• Pitocin augmentation x 2 (4.4%)
• Pitocin/gel induction x 8 (18%) E
The total number of participants who received an intervention was 8 for a rate of 18%. (Some women received more than one intervention.)
Breastfeeding without formula supplementation: 42 (93%)
Women who would use this method again: 43 (96%)
Length of labour:
The average length of active labour for nulliparous women is 12 hours. Participants in the Hypnosis for Childbirth series averaged 4.5 hours of active labour. The average length of pushing for nulliparous women is about 2 hours. Participants in the Hypnosis for Childbirth series averaged just over 1 hour. Hypnosis is associated with faster births (statistically significant) throughout the research for both the first and second stages of labour.
Medication rates:
The epidural rate in Toronto and Mississauga ranges from 40 to 95% for nulliparous women. This survey notes an 18% epidural rate for Hypnosis for Childbirth participants (11% for caesareans and forceps, 7% for maternal request). This survey’s reduction in medication use is supported by statistically significant reductions in other research for women using hypnosis preparation for birth.
Caesarian rates:
The caesarian section rate in Toronto ranges from 20 to 25%, depending on the institutional setting. This survey notes a caesarian section rate of 6.7% for Hypnosis for Childbirth participants. Other research also notes the reduction of birth interventions with the prenatal use of hypnosis.
A. The one planned homebirth delivered in the hospital was a change of plans in late pregnancy based on a poor biophysical profile (94% successful homebirth rate). Of the 15 planned homebirths at the onset of labour, 100% delivered at home. All planned hospital births delivered in the hospital.
B. The three maternal requests for epidurals were highly correlated to unfavourable fetal positioning (ie. Posterior presentation). The other five epidurals were for caesarians (3) and forceps (2).
C. Breech presentation (n=1) at term; fetal distress/prolonged labour/posterior (n=1); fetal distress and poor descent in second stage (n=1).
D. Fetal distress (n=2); poor descent (n=1).
E. Three of the eight had no additional interventions; five of the eight had epidurals (3), forceps (2) and nubaine (1). An additional four were midwifery clients who induced at home using either homeopathy or castor oil (9%). No additional interventions were noted with this group.
As a result of the Hypnosis for Childbirth series a very high percentage of women reported an increased sense of self-confidence prior to the onset of labour. In addition, 96% were pleased at the use of hypnosis, would use hypnosis in a subsequent birth and recommend its use to other women planning natural childbirth.
Birth - Hypnosis: practical applications and theoretical considerations in normal labour.
Jenkins, MW, Pritchard MH, Aberdare District Maternity Unit, Mid Glamorgan, Wales. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1993 Mar; 100(3): 221-6
OBJECTIVE: To assess the designs of hypnotherapy on the first and second stages of labour in a large group of pregnant women.
DESIGN: A semi-prospective case control study in which women attending antenatal clinics were invited to undergo hypnotherapy.
SUBJECTS: One hundred twenty-six primigravid women with 300 age matched controls, and 136 parous women having their second baby with 300 age matched controls. Only women who had spontaneous deliveries were included.
INTERVENTION: Six sessions of hypnotherapy given by a trained medical hypnotherapist during pregnancy.
OUTCOME MEASURES: Analgesic requirements, duration of first and second stages of labour.
RESULTS: The mean lengths of the first stage of labour in the primigravid women was 6.4 h after hypnosis and 9.3 h in the control group (P<0.0001); the mean lengths of the second stage were 37 min and 50 min, respectively (P<0.001). In the parous women the corresponding values were 5.3 h and 6.2 h (P<0.01); and 24 and 22 min (ns). The use of analgesic agents was significantly reduced (P<0.001) in both hypnotized groups compared with their controls.
CONCLUSION: In addition to demonstrating the benefits of hypnotherapy, the study gives some insight into the relative proportions of mechanical and psychological components involved in the longer duration of labour in primigravid women.
Improved obstetric outcomes using hypnotic analgesia and skill mastery combined with childbirth education.
Harmon TM, Hynan MT, Tyre TE, The University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee J Consult Clin Psychol 1990 Oct; 58(5):525-30
The benefits of hypnotic anlagesia as an adjunct to childbirth education were studied in 60 nulliparous women. Subjects were divided into high and low hypnotic susceptibility groups before receiving 6 sessions of childbirth education and skill mastery using an ischemic pain task. Half of the subjects in each group received a hypnotic induction at the beginning of each session; the remaining control subjects received relaxation and breathing exercises typically used in childbirth education.
Both hypnotic subjects and highly susceptible subjects reported reduced pain. Hypnotically prepared births had shorter Stage one labours, less medication, higher Apgar scores and more frequent spontaneous deliveries than control subjects’ births. Highly susceptible, hypnotically treated women had lower depression scores after birth than women in the other three groups.
We propose that repeated skill mastery facilitated the effectiveness of hypnosis in our study.
The above is classified as both a Clinical trial and Randomized controlled trial.
Childbirth preparation through hypnosis: the hypnoreflexogenous protocol.
Schauble PG, Werner WE, Rai SH, Martin A. Counseling Center, University of Florida, Gainsville, Florida. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis 1998 Apr; 40(4):273-83
A verbatim protocol for the “Hypnoreflexogenous” method of preparation for childbirth is presented wherein the patient is taught to enter a hypnotic state and then prepared for labour and delivery. The method provides a “conditioned reflex” effect conducive to a positive outcome for labour and delivery by enhancing the patient’s sense of readiness and control. Previous applications of the method demonstrate patients have fewer complications, higher frequency of normal and full-term deliveries, and more positive postpartum adjustment. The benefit and ultimate cost effectiveness of the method are discussed.
Improved obstetric outcomes using hypnotic analgesia and skill mastery combined with childbirth education.
Harmon TM, Hynan MT, Tyre TE, The University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee J Consult Clin Psychol 1990 Oct; 58(5):525-30
The benefits of hypnotic anlagesia as an adjunct to childbirth education were studied in 60 nulliparous women. Subjects were divided into high and low hypnotic susceptibility groups before receiving 6 sessions of childbirth education and skill mastery using an ischemic pain task. Half of the subjects in each group received a hypnotic induction at the beginning of each session; the remaining control subjects received relaxation and breathing exercises typically used in childbirth education.
Both hypnotic subjects and highly susceptible subjects reported reduced pain. Hypnotically prepared births had shorter Stage one labours, less medication, higher Apgar scores and more frequent spontaneous deliveries than control subjects’ births. Highly susceptible, hypnotically treated women had lower depression scores after birth than women in the other three groups.
We propose that repeated skill mastery facilitated the effectiveness of hypnosis in our study.
The above is classified as both a Clinical trial and Randomized controlled trial.
Childbirth preparation through hypnosis: the hypnoreflexogenous protocol.
Schauble PG, Werner WE, Rai SH, Martin A. Counseling Center, University of Florida, Gainsville, Florida. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis 1998 Apr; 40(4):273-83
A verbatim protocol for the “Hypnoreflexogenous” method of preparation for childbirth is presented wherein the patient is taught to enter a hypnotic state and then prepared for labour and delivery. The method provides a “conditioned reflex” effect conducive to a positive outcome for labour and delivery by enhancing the patient’s sense of readiness and control. Previous applications of the method demonstrate patients have fewer complications, higher frequency of normal and full-term deliveries, and more positive postpartum adjustment. The benefit and ultimate cost effectiveness of the method are discussed.
Suggestion Therapy - Clinical study on shortening the birth process using psychological suggestion therapy.
Hao TY, Li YH, Yao SF. Zhonghua Hu Li Za Zhi. 1997 Oct; 32(10):568-70. (General Military Hospital of Jinan, P.R. China.)
This randomized control trial investigated the effect of psychological suggestion therapy on the birth process. A specially designed, prospective study of psychological suggestion recruited 120 healthy, full-term primipara (first baby) with singleton pregnancies and cephalic presentation (head first). All cases were randomly divided into 2 groups, the birth processes and final modes of delivery were analyzed in 60 cases interfered with the psychological suggestion therapy and 60 cases with spontaneous birth processes as control group.
The results showed that a significant shorter time of the first and second stages of labour in the study group than in the control group (P<0.01). Based on this study, it is suggested that the conversation concerning the evaluation of individual birth process between the mother-to-be and nurse should be controlled carefully for the purpose of advancing the birth process (my italics SG), especially when answering the question raised by mother-to-be about the quantity of the cervical dilatation.
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